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Photochemical advanced oxidation processes (such as UV/H₂O₂ and UV/O₃/H₂O₂) can effectively remove organic pollutants and improve water quality during salt recovery pretreatment, providing clean conditions for subsequent salt recovery, increasing salt purity, and improving evaporation efficiency. Their green characteristics (oxidation products are water and oxygen) and their ability to degrade complex organic matter contribute to achieving zero wastewater discharge and resource utilization.

PAO uses ultraviolet light to react with an oxidant (such as H₂O₂) to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH). These strong oxidizing properties can break down the molecular structure of cyanide, converting it into non-toxic carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or ammonium salts. The advantages of this technology are:

1) It efficiently degrades difficult-to-treat inorganic and organic cyanides (such as metal cyanide complexes);

2) It is a thorough treatment process, reducing secondary pollution;

3) It is applicable to a variety of industrial wastewaters (such as those from electroplating and chemical industries), and is particularly effective against highly toxic and difficult-to-degrade pollutants.

For pre-treating wastewater with a COD below 50,000 mg/L, photochemical advanced oxidation systems offer lower investment and operating costs, simpler operation and maintenance, longer service life, and lower component replacement costs. Furthermore, they are unaffected by high salt loads, exhibit less corrosive equipment, and reduce safety risks. Furthermore, they offer mild operating conditions, flexible startup and shutdown, and a compact footprint.

Photochemical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) use ultraviolet light to activate oxidants (such as H₂O₂ and O₃) to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This effectively degrades refractory organic matter, improves the biodegradability (B/C ratio) of wastewater, removes toxic substances (such as fluoride and antibiotics), and achieves advanced treatment without secondary pollution. This technology is suitable for both pretreatment and advanced treatment of high-salinity, highly toxic, and difficult-to-biodegrade wastewater, and is particularly widely used in the pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and electronics industries.

Photochemical advanced oxidation processes are suitable for treating high-concentration, difficult-to-degrade, and highly toxic wastewater from industries such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, petrochemicals, metallurgy, chemicals, plastics, papermaking, textiles, printing and dyeing, and electronics. These wastewaters contain pollutants such as phenols, aromatic compounds, antibiotics, hormones, organohalogens, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. They are particularly effective against wastewater with poor biodegradability, high COD, and strong bioinhibition.

The ONYX photochemical advanced oxidation process utilizes ingenious flow channel design and turbulent flow pattern control, combined with CFD simulation to optimize reaction conditions and prevent waste accumulation within the pipeline. A UV reflective layer enhances transmittance, ensuring uniform UV distribution and efficient utilization, effectively addressing water color and turbidity interference.

Photochemical advanced oxidation technology (UV-AOPs) offers advantages such as efficient degradation of refractory organic matter, production of highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (·OH), zero secondary pollution, a wide range of treatment options (such as pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and pesticide wastewater), and mild operating conditions. It also features automated control, low operating costs, and strong system integration.

Photochemical (UV) advanced oxidation technology uses ultraviolet light to excite oxidants (such as H₂O₂ and O₃) to generate highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (-OH). With a redox potential as high as 2.8V, these radicals can indiscriminately attack the chemical bonds of organic pollutants, effectively degrading and mineralizing them into CO₂ and H₂O. This process combines direct photolysis with indirect oxidation, making it suitable for treating difficult-to-degrade wastewater.

If the device's automatic cleaning system indicates an abnormality, follow these steps to troubleshoot:

1. Check whether the UV intensity sensor's signal is abnormal due to contamination in the quartz sleeve. Clean the sleeve and retest.

2. Determine whether the motor cleaning function is malfunctioning due to a damaged fuse or motor failure. Replace the fuse or motor and clean any foreign objects inside the sterilizer.

3. Foreign object blockage: Clear any foreign objects from inside the sterilizer and ensure unimpeded water flow.

4. Wiring and power supply: Check the power connections and fuses to eliminate any short circuits or open circuits.

This training covers equipment principles, daily operations, troubleshooting, and safety precautions. It provides both theoretical and practical training, as well as assessment and certification.

Photo-Fenton is an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) that combines UV photocatalysis with the Fenton reaction. It utilizes UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals for efficient degradation of refractory organic pollutants. Compared to traditional Fenton, Photo-Fenton continuously regenerates Fe2+ through UV irradiation, reducing iron sludge production and improving oxidation efficiency. Onyx Photo-Fenton equipment features a proprietary UV reactor design with over 40% improvement in light energy utilization.

UV-AOP is an advanced oxidation process centered on ultraviolet light. It uses UV to activate oxidants (such as H2O2, O3) to generate hydroxyl radicals with an oxidation potential of 2.8V, second only to fluorine, capable of non-selectively degrading most organic compounds. This process is commonly used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and dyeing industries for refractory wastewater treatment, effectively reducing COD, removing color and toxicity, and improving biodegradability (B/C ratio) for subsequent biological treatment.

Selecting UV disinfection equipment requires comprehensive consideration of: (1) Treatment capacity (peak flow rate) determines equipment sizing; (2) Water quality parameters (UVT, turbidity, suspended solids) affect dose design; (3) Disinfection requirements (target microorganisms and log reduction) determine UV dose; (4) Installation method (open channel/in-pipe) depends on site conditions; (5) Maintenance needs (automatic cleaning, lamp replacement cycle) affect long-term operating costs. Professional manufacturer consultation is recommended for sizing calculations. Onyx provides free water quality analysis and system design services.

The effective service life of low-pressure amalgam UV lamps is generally 12,000 hours, and medium-pressure UV lamps approximately 4,000-6,000 hours. Lamps should be replaced when UV output intensity drops to 70%-80% of the initial value, or when the PLC system detects insufficient dose. Regular monitoring of UV intensity sensor readings is recommended, along with maintaining a lamp replacement log. Onyx equipment features an intelligent lamp life management module that automatically alerts for replacement timing.

Main differences between UV and ozone disinfection: (1) Principle - UV damages DNA photochemically, ozone destroys cell structure through strong oxidation; (2) Residual - UV leaves no residual or byproducts, ozone requires decomposition of residual ozone; (3) Contact time - UV disinfects in seconds, ozone requires minutes; (4) Operating cost - UV is lower (electricity only), ozone requires higher power for oxygen generation; (5) Application - UV suits high-flow continuous water treatment, ozone suits color/odor removal and advanced oxidation. Both can be combined for synergistic disinfection effects.

Photo-Fenton technology is widely applicable to the following industrial wastewater treatment: (1) Chemical wastewater (pesticides, fine chemical intermediates); (2) Pharmaceutical wastewater (antibiotics, synthetic drug residues); (3) Dyeing wastewater (dye intermediates, high-color wastewater); (4) Electroplating wastewater (heavy metal complex breaking); (5) Landfill leachate (high-concentration refractory organics); (6) Coking wastewater (phenol and cyanide degradation); (7) Paper mill wastewater (lignin degradation). Particularly effective for wastewater with B/C ratio below 0.3, significantly improving biodegradability before entering biological treatment systems.

Advantages of UV-AOP over traditional chemical oxidation (such as Fenton, sodium hypochlorite): (1) Stronger oxidation - hydroxyl radical potential 2.8V, much higher than conventional oxidants; (2) Non-selective - degrades most organic pollutants; (3) No secondary pollution - only H2O2 addition, no iron sludge byproducts; (4) Fast reaction - typically completes in seconds to minutes; (5) Precise controllability - adjusted via UV power and H2O2 dosage; (6) Small footprint - compact equipment suitable for existing plant retrofit projects.

Impact of winter low temperatures and countermeasures: (1) Lamp startup - lamps need preheating in low temperatures; amalgam lamps recommended for better cold-start performance; (2) Water quality changes - lower winter temperatures increase microbial resistance; UV dose should be increased by 20%-30%; (3) Equipment insulation - open channel equipment needs thermal covers, in-pipe equipment can add electric heat tracing; (4) Operation monitoring - strengthen UV intensity sensor monitoring and adjust power output accordingly. Onyx equipment supports stable operation at -20C with a low-temperature protection module.

Onyx UV disinfection equipment meets the following certifications and standards: (1) NSF/ANSI 55 certification (Class A UV disinfection equipment for drinking water applications); (2) GB/T 19837-2019 national standard for UV disinfection equipment in urban water supply and drainage; (3) CE certification (electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility); (4) ISO 9001 quality management system certification; (5) UL certification (North American electrical safety). Product test reports are issued by third-party authoritative organizations, covering UV dose, sterilization efficiency, and electrical safety.

UV disinfection system operating costs mainly include: (1) Electricity - UV lamps + ballasts + auxiliary equipment power, approximately 0.003-0.01 RMB/ton; (2) Lamp replacement - amortized over 12,000-hour lifespan, approximately 0.002-0.005 RMB/ton; (3) Cleaning maintenance - quartz sleeve cleaning (chemical/mechanical), approximately 0.001 RMB/ton; (4) Manual inspection - routine patrol + periodic maintenance. Total operating cost is approximately 0.006-0.016 RMB/ton, significantly lower than chlorine and ozone disinfection, making it the most cost-effective physical disinfection method.